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He Hongjing
He Hongjing (何弘敬) (806?/807?-865?/866?〔The traditional historical sources indicated that He Hongjing died in 866 and did not indicate a birthdate. See ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 19, part 1 and ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 250. However, according to the (Daming County Government official Web site ), He Hongjing's tombstone, which was unearthed in 1973, indicated that he died in 865 and was 59 at the time of his death, which, if accurate, would place his birth in 806.〕), né He Chongshun (何重順), formally the Duke of Chu (楚公), was a general of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, who ruled Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei) as its military governor (''Jiedushi'') in ''de facto'' independence from the imperial government.
== Background ==
It is not completely clear when He Chongshun was born, but it appeared that he was born in either 806 or 807.〔 His father He Jintao was an officer of Weibo Circuit, and had served under the military governors Tian Hongzheng and Shi Xiancheng. In 829, when, at Shi's request, Emperor Wenzong transferred Shi to Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) and divided Weibo into two circuits — Weibo, with the imperial general Li Ting (李聽) as military governor, and carving out three prefectures to have Shi's son Shi Xiaozhang (史孝章) as military governor — the Weibo soldiers mutinied under He Jintao's leadership and killed Shi Xiancheng. Eventually, after He Jintao defeated Li Ting in battle, the imperial government capitulated, reversed the division of Weibo, and made He Jintao military governor.〔''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 181.〕
In 840, He Jintao died, and the soldiers supported He Chongshun to serve as acting military governor.〔''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 246.〕 Initially, the imperial government had Li Zhifang (李執方) the military governor of Hezhong and Liu Yue (劉約) the military governor of Yichang Circuit (義昌, headquartered in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) write He Chongshun, encouraging him to submit control of Weibo to the imperial government and go to the capital Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Wenzong's brother and successor Emperor Wuzong, but after He Chongshun refused to follow their suggestions, relented, as Emperor Wuzong, new to the throne, did not want to fight a campaign against Weibo. Emperor Wuzong thereafter made his granduncle Li Wan (李綰) the Prince of Fu the nominal military governor of Weibo while commissioning He Chongshun the deputy military governor.〔''New Book of Tang'', vol. 210.〕 In 841, Emperor Wuzong made He Chongshun the military governor.〔
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